Correlation between instruction time and student’s school attitude: Albania vs European Countries
Keywords:
Curriculum instruction time; student’s school attitude; curriculum area; key stage
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between curriculum instruction time and student' school attitude. A mixed research approach was used in the study. The random-cluster samples of students, teachers, principals, and curriculum specialists were selected to be used in the research. The qualitative approach, including a review of official documentation as well as interviewing, was used to support a quantitative approach in the study. The descriptive analysis and a bivariate correlation statistic were used for the processing of data, and the inductive open coding and the typology techniques were used to analyse the qualitative data. It is found that there are differences in instruction time between European countries and Albania. At the same time, the results showed that there is a relatively non-adequate student's school attitude in lower secondary education. The study demonstrated that there is a positive correlation between curriculum instruction time and the students' school attitude. It is one of a very small number of studies in curriculum instruction time to provide such results.
References
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Connor, C. M., Spencer, M., Day, S. L., Giuliani, S., Ingebrand, S. W., McLean, L., Morrison, F. J. (2014). Capturing the Complexity: Content, Type, and Amount of Instruction and Quality of the Classroom Learning Environment Synergistically Predict Third Graders' Vocabulary and Reading Comprehension Outcomes. Journal of Educational Psychology, 106(3), pp. 762-778.
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Fernex, A., Lima, L., de Vries, E. (2015). Exploring Time Allocation for Academic Activities by University Students in France. Higher Education: The International Journal of Higher Education and Educational Planning, 69(3), pp. 399- 420.
Gordon, P. S. (2004). Professional development for school improvement. Empowering learning. Pearson.
Gromada, A., Shewbridge, C. (2016). Student Learning Time: A Literature Review. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 127. OECD Publishing, 2016. ISSN-1993-901.
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Henderson, G, Gornik, R. (2007). Transformative curriculum leadership. Person Education, Inc. USA.
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Kaya, S., Kablan, Z., Akaydin, B. B., Demir, D. (2015). Teachers' Awareness and Perceived Effectiveness of Instructional Activities in Relation to the Allocation of Time in the Classroom. Science Education International, 26(3), pp. 344-357.
Krysher, S., Robinson, J. S., Edwards, M. C. (2015). How Time Allocation Impacts Teacher Efficacy of Student Teaching Interns in Agricultural Education: A Q-Sort Study. Journal of Agricultural Education, 56(2), pp. 93-109.
Lai, S., Stevens, C., Martinez, J., Ye, R. (2015). A Cross-National Study of Students' Attitudes Toward School. Pastoral Care in Education, 33(1), pp. 33-46.
Libbey, H. P. (2004). Measuring Student Relationships to School: Attachment, Bonding, Connectedness, and Engagement. Journal of School Health, 74, pp. 274–283. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2004.tb08284.x.
MASHT [Kosovo Ministry of Education, Science and Technology] (2011). Korniza e Kurrikulës e Arsimit Parauniversitar të Republikës së Kosovës. [Kosovo Curriculum Framework of Pre-university Education]. Pristina.
MASHT [Kosovo Ministry of Education, Science and Technology] (2012). Kurrikula Bërthamë për arsimin e mesëm të ulët (klasa VI, VII, VIII, IX). [Kosovo Core Curriculum of lower secondary education (6- 9th grades)]. Pristina.
Mc Coach, B. D. (2002). A validation study of the Students' school attitude Assessment Survey. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 35 (2002), pp. 66-77.
Midkiff, B., Cohen-Vogel, L. (2015). Understanding Local Instructional Responses to Federal and State Accountability Mandates: A Typology of Extended Learning Time. Peabody Journal of Education, 90(1), pp. 9-26.
Musheer, Z., Govil, P., Gupta, S. (2016). Attitude of Secondary Level Students towards Their School Climate. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(19), pp. 39-45.
National Core Curriculum for Basic Education (NCCBE) (2004). Retrieved from: http://www.oph.fi. Accessed 18 September 2016.
Norton, S. (2017). Mathematics Engagement in an Australian Lower Secondary School. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 49(2), pp. 169-190.
Orstein, C. A., Hunkins, P. F. (2003). Kurrikula - bazat, parimet dhe problemet. [Curriculum- Foundations, Principles, and Issues]. Fourth Edition. Instituti i Studimeve Pedagogjike. Tiranë.
Orstein, C. A., Hunkins, P. F. (2017). Curriculum- Foundations, Principles, and Issues. Seventh Edition. Pearson.
Ozkan, R. (2013). Indicating the Attitudes of High School Students to Environment. Educational Research and Reviews, 8(4), pp. 154-163.Phelps, G., Corey, D., DeMonte, J., Harrison, D., Loewenberg B. D. (2012). How Much English Language Arts and Mathematics Instruction Do Students Receive? Investigating Variation in Instructional Time. Educational Policy, 26(5), pp. 631-662.
Posner, J. G. (1992). Analyzing the curriculum. McGraw- Hill, Inc, USA.
Prendergast, M., O'Meara, N. (2016). Assigning Mathematics Instruction Time in Secondary Schools: What Are the Influential Factors? International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 47(8), pp. 1137-1155.
Saylor, G. J., Alexander, M. W., Lewis, J. A. (1981). Curriculum planning for better teaching and learning, 4th edition, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, p. 10.
Science, Social, Environmental and Scientific Education (SESE) (1999). Retrieved from: http://www.curriculumonline.ie.
Senge P, Nelda Cambron- McCabe N, Luca T, Smith Dutton, J. B., Kleiner, A. (2012). Schools That Learn (Updated and Revised): A Fifth Discipline Fieldbook for Educators, Parents, and Everyone Who Cares About Education. Crown Business; Rev Upd edition.
Spear-Swerling, L., Zibulsky, J. (2014). Making Time for Literacy: Teacher Knowledge and Time Allocation in Instructional Planning. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 27(8), pp. 1353-1378.
Stern, M. (2012). Evaluating and Promoting Positive Students' school attitude in Adolescents. Springer Briefs in School Psychology, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-3427-6_2.
Taba, H. (1962). Curriculum Development: Theory and Practice, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich USA.
The National Curriculum for England (NCE) (2007). Retrieved from: www.nc.uk.net.
Tyler, W. R. (1949). Basic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction, Chicago, University of Chicago Press USA.
Ubben, C. G., Hughes, W. L., Norris, J. C. (2007) The principal creative leadership for excellence in schools, Pearson Education, Inc. Boston, USA.
Voelkl, E. K. (1996). Measuring Students' Identification with School. Educational and Psychological Measurement. SAGE Journals.
Wiles, J., Bondy, J. (2014). Curriculum development: A guide to practice, 9th edition, Boston: Pearson, p. 142.
William Pinar, W. (1978). Notes on the Curriculum Field. Educational Researcher (September 1978), pp. 5–12; William H. Schubert, Curriculum Books: The First Eighty Years (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1980); and James T. Sears and J. Dan Marshall, eds., Teaching and Thinking about Curriculum (New York: Teachers College Press, Columbia University, 1990).Wilson, B. D., Denise, C., Gottfredson, C. D., Najaka, S. S. (2001). School-Based Prevention of Problem Behaviors: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 17(3).
Yurdabakan, I., Uzunkavak, C. (2012). Primary School Students' Attitudes towards Computer-Based Testing and Assessment in Turkey. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 13(3), pp. 177-188.
Connor, C. M., Spencer, M., Day, S. L., Giuliani, S., Ingebrand, S. W., McLean, L., Morrison, F. J. (2014). Capturing the Complexity: Content, Type, and Amount of Instruction and Quality of the Classroom Learning Environment Synergistically Predict Third Graders' Vocabulary and Reading Comprehension Outcomes. Journal of Educational Psychology, 106(3), pp. 762-778.
Department of Education (2015). The national curriculum in England. Retrieved from: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/335116/Master_final_national_curriculum_220714.pdf.
Dupuis, D. N. (2015). The Association between Elementary School Start Time and Students' Academic Achievement in Wayzata Public Schools. Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement, 2015.
EACEA P9 Eurydice (2013). Key Data on Learning in Europe. European Commission. Retrieved from: http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/education/eurydice.
European Commission Eurydice (2010). Recommended annual instruction time in full-time compulsory education in Europe, 2009/10. Retrieved from: http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/education/eurydice.
European Commission Eurydice (2012). Recommended annual instruction time in full-time compulsory education in Europe, 2011/12. Retrieved from: http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/education/eurydice.
European Commission Eurydice (2016). Recommended annual instruction time in full-time compulsory education in Europe, 2015/16. Retrieved from: http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/education/eurydice.
Fernex, A., Lima, L., de Vries, E. (2015). Exploring Time Allocation for Academic Activities by University Students in France. Higher Education: The International Journal of Higher Education and Educational Planning, 69(3), pp. 399- 420.
Gordon, P. S. (2004). Professional development for school improvement. Empowering learning. Pearson.
Gromada, A., Shewbridge, C. (2016). Student Learning Time: A Literature Review. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 127. OECD Publishing, 2016. ISSN-1993-901.
Haniger, J. T. (2016). A Project Focusing on Superintendents' Knowledge of Evidence-Based Practices of Structuring Time for Student Learning. ProQuest LLC, Ed.D. Dissertation, Saint Louis University, 2016. ISBN: 978-1-3398-2814-5.
Henderson, G, Gornik, R. (2007). Transformative curriculum leadership. Person Education, Inc. USA.
Husted, J. L. (2016). A Project Focusing on Superintendents' Knowledge of Evidence-Based Practices of Structuring Time for Student Learning. ProQuest LLC, Ed.D. Dissertation, Saint Louis University, 2016. ISBN: 978-1-3398-2815-2. ISSN-2222-1735.
IZHA [Albanian Institute for Development of Education] (2015). Korniza Kurrikulare e Arsimit Parauniversitar. [Albanian Curriculum Framework of Pre-university Education]. Retrieved from: http://www.izha.edu.al/,Tirana.
IZHA [Albanian Institute for Development of Education] (2016). Kurrikula bërthamë 1- 5. [Albanian Core Curriculum of 1- 5th grades]. Retrieved from: http://www.izha.edu.al/. Tirana.
IZHA [Albanian Institute for Development of Education] (2016). Kurrikula bërthamë 6- 9. [Albanian Core Curriculum of 6- 9th grades]. Retrieved from: http://www.izha.edu.al/. Tirana.
Jenkins, E. W. (1997). First choice instead of last resort. Times Educational Supplement 1997, pp.7
Jessor R, Den Bos V J, Vanderryn J, Costa M F, Turbin, S. M. (1995). Protective factors in adolescent problem behavior: moderator effects and developmental change. Developmental psychology 1995, 31(6), 923- 933.
Kalenkoski, C. M., Pabilonia, S. W. (2009). Time to Work or Time to Play: The Effect of Student Employment on Homework, Housework, Screen Time, and Sleep. Working Paper 423. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2009.
Kaya, S., Kablan, Z., Akaydin, B. B., Demir, D. (2015). Teachers' Awareness and Perceived Effectiveness of Instructional Activities in Relation to the Allocation of Time in the Classroom. Science Education International, 26(3), pp. 344-357.
Krysher, S., Robinson, J. S., Edwards, M. C. (2015). How Time Allocation Impacts Teacher Efficacy of Student Teaching Interns in Agricultural Education: A Q-Sort Study. Journal of Agricultural Education, 56(2), pp. 93-109.
Lai, S., Stevens, C., Martinez, J., Ye, R. (2015). A Cross-National Study of Students' Attitudes Toward School. Pastoral Care in Education, 33(1), pp. 33-46.
Libbey, H. P. (2004). Measuring Student Relationships to School: Attachment, Bonding, Connectedness, and Engagement. Journal of School Health, 74, pp. 274–283. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2004.tb08284.x.
MASHT [Kosovo Ministry of Education, Science and Technology] (2011). Korniza e Kurrikulës e Arsimit Parauniversitar të Republikës së Kosovës. [Kosovo Curriculum Framework of Pre-university Education]. Pristina.
MASHT [Kosovo Ministry of Education, Science and Technology] (2012). Kurrikula Bërthamë për arsimin e mesëm të ulët (klasa VI, VII, VIII, IX). [Kosovo Core Curriculum of lower secondary education (6- 9th grades)]. Pristina.
Mc Coach, B. D. (2002). A validation study of the Students' school attitude Assessment Survey. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 35 (2002), pp. 66-77.
Midkiff, B., Cohen-Vogel, L. (2015). Understanding Local Instructional Responses to Federal and State Accountability Mandates: A Typology of Extended Learning Time. Peabody Journal of Education, 90(1), pp. 9-26.
Musheer, Z., Govil, P., Gupta, S. (2016). Attitude of Secondary Level Students towards Their School Climate. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(19), pp. 39-45.
National Core Curriculum for Basic Education (NCCBE) (2004). Retrieved from: http://www.oph.fi. Accessed 18 September 2016.
Norton, S. (2017). Mathematics Engagement in an Australian Lower Secondary School. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 49(2), pp. 169-190.
Orstein, C. A., Hunkins, P. F. (2003). Kurrikula - bazat, parimet dhe problemet. [Curriculum- Foundations, Principles, and Issues]. Fourth Edition. Instituti i Studimeve Pedagogjike. Tiranë.
Orstein, C. A., Hunkins, P. F. (2017). Curriculum- Foundations, Principles, and Issues. Seventh Edition. Pearson.
Ozkan, R. (2013). Indicating the Attitudes of High School Students to Environment. Educational Research and Reviews, 8(4), pp. 154-163.Phelps, G., Corey, D., DeMonte, J., Harrison, D., Loewenberg B. D. (2012). How Much English Language Arts and Mathematics Instruction Do Students Receive? Investigating Variation in Instructional Time. Educational Policy, 26(5), pp. 631-662.
Posner, J. G. (1992). Analyzing the curriculum. McGraw- Hill, Inc, USA.
Prendergast, M., O'Meara, N. (2016). Assigning Mathematics Instruction Time in Secondary Schools: What Are the Influential Factors? International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 47(8), pp. 1137-1155.
Saylor, G. J., Alexander, M. W., Lewis, J. A. (1981). Curriculum planning for better teaching and learning, 4th edition, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, p. 10.
Science, Social, Environmental and Scientific Education (SESE) (1999). Retrieved from: http://www.curriculumonline.ie.
Senge P, Nelda Cambron- McCabe N, Luca T, Smith Dutton, J. B., Kleiner, A. (2012). Schools That Learn (Updated and Revised): A Fifth Discipline Fieldbook for Educators, Parents, and Everyone Who Cares About Education. Crown Business; Rev Upd edition.
Spear-Swerling, L., Zibulsky, J. (2014). Making Time for Literacy: Teacher Knowledge and Time Allocation in Instructional Planning. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 27(8), pp. 1353-1378.
Stern, M. (2012). Evaluating and Promoting Positive Students' school attitude in Adolescents. Springer Briefs in School Psychology, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-3427-6_2.
Taba, H. (1962). Curriculum Development: Theory and Practice, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich USA.
The National Curriculum for England (NCE) (2007). Retrieved from: www.nc.uk.net.
Tyler, W. R. (1949). Basic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction, Chicago, University of Chicago Press USA.
Ubben, C. G., Hughes, W. L., Norris, J. C. (2007) The principal creative leadership for excellence in schools, Pearson Education, Inc. Boston, USA.
Voelkl, E. K. (1996). Measuring Students' Identification with School. Educational and Psychological Measurement. SAGE Journals.
Wiles, J., Bondy, J. (2014). Curriculum development: A guide to practice, 9th edition, Boston: Pearson, p. 142.
William Pinar, W. (1978). Notes on the Curriculum Field. Educational Researcher (September 1978), pp. 5–12; William H. Schubert, Curriculum Books: The First Eighty Years (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1980); and James T. Sears and J. Dan Marshall, eds., Teaching and Thinking about Curriculum (New York: Teachers College Press, Columbia University, 1990).Wilson, B. D., Denise, C., Gottfredson, C. D., Najaka, S. S. (2001). School-Based Prevention of Problem Behaviors: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 17(3).
Yurdabakan, I., Uzunkavak, C. (2012). Primary School Students' Attitudes towards Computer-Based Testing and Assessment in Turkey. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 13(3), pp. 177-188.
Published
2019-12-23
How to Cite
Xhomara, N., Treska, T., & Kadiu, V. (2019). Correlation between instruction time and student’s school attitude: Albania vs European Countries. Journal of Applied Technical and Educational Sciences, 9(4), 4-26. https://doi.org/10.24368/jates.v9i4.116
Section
Articles and Studies
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